Migrare VMware → Proxmox: ghid complet

De ce sa migrezi?

Post-achizitie Broadcom (2024), VMware licensing a crescut 200-500%. Multe firme cauta alternativa. Proxmox VE ofera: zero licenta, KVM virtualizare (mai matura decat crezi), Ceph hyperconverged, REST API.

Pasi concreti migrare

Audit infrastructura VMware: inventar VM-uri, dimensiuni storage, networking VLAN-uri, dependencies
Setup cluster Proxmox VE 8.x: minim 3 noduri pentru HA, Ceph pe NVMe pentru storage distribuit
Test migrare cu 1 VM small folosind OVF Tool: ovftool vi://user@vcenter/Datacenter/vm/VM-NAME export.ovf
Import in Proxmox: qm importovf 100 export.ovf local-zfs
Validare drivers: dezinstaleaza VMware Tools, instaleaza virtio drivers (Windows) sau qemu-guest-agent (Linux)
Network: muta VLAN-urile pe Linux bridge vmbr0 cu tag-uri
Backup: deploy Proxmox Backup Server pentru dedup si retention
Migrare in masa: 10-50 VM-uri pe noapte cu downtime planificat
Decomision VMware: opt vCenter, recupereaza licentele pentru audit

Capcane

Drivers Windows: nu uita virtio-block, virtio-net, ballooning
Snapshot-uri prea adanci → consume storage exploziv
vSAN nu se migreaza direct — re-creeaza stocarea pe Ceph
NSX-T = nu exista in Proxmox; foloseste OVS sau VyOS

Cost saving exemplu

Cluster 5 noduri Dell, 200 VM-uri: VMware vSphere Standard 2026 ~50.000 EUR/an. Proxmox VE: 0 EUR (community) sau 5.000 EUR/an (enterprise subscription). Economie: 90%.

Exemplu: migrare OVF catre Proxmox

Export din vCenter si import in Proxmox, cu driverele corecte:

# 1. export din vCenter cu ovftool
ovftool vi://user@vcenter/Datacenter/vm/VM-NAME /export/vm.ovf

# 2. import in Proxmox (pe local-zfs)
qm importovf 100 /export/vm.ovf local-zfs

# 3. driverele corecte + guest agent
qm set 100 --scsihw virtio-scsi-single --agent 1
qm set 100 --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr0

Conversie automata (virt-v2v)

Alternativa la OVF: virt-v2v converteste direct din vCenter:

virt-v2v -ic vpx://user@vcenter/Datacenter/esxi VM-NAME \
  -o local -os /var/lib/vz/images/100
# injecteaza automat driverele virtio (Windows) / qemu-guest-agent (Linux)
qm importdisk 100 /var/lib/vz/images/100/VM-NAME-sda.qcow2 local-zfs

Dupa migrare: drivere + agent

Cureti ce a ramas de la VMware si pui virtio:

# Linux (in VM)
apt -y remove open-vm-tools; apt -y install qemu-guest-agent
qm set 100 --agent 1 --scsihw virtio-scsi-single
# Windows: dezinstaleaza VMware Tools, instaleaza virtio ISO,
#   apoi qm set 100 --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr0

Migrare in masa (script)

Automatizezi importul mai multor VM-uri intr-o noapte:

for vm in $(cat vms.txt); do
  ovftool --noSSLVerify vi://user@vcenter/DC/vm/$vm /export/$vm.ovf
  id=$(pvesh get /cluster/nextid)
  qm importovf $id /export/$vm.ovf local-zfs
  qm set $id --agent 1 --scsihw virtio-scsi-single --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr0
done

Validare + plan de rollback

Verifici VM-ul migrat si pastrezi calea de intoarcere:

qm start $id && qm agent $id ping        # porneste + guest agent raspunde
qm config $id | grep -E 'net|scsihw|agent'
# rollback: lasi VM-ul original pe VMware OPRIT (nu sters) pana la validare 48h
# abia apoi decommission in vCenter